The Constitution As A Democratic Document - 1286 Words

The Constitution as a Democratic Document Since the ratification of the Constitution, more than 11,000 amendments have been proposed. The Constitution of the United States of America was Officially ratified in 1789. This makes the document over two-hundred years old. Since the time of its writing and eventual ratification, the document has been amended and interpreted in many ways. Whether it be prohibition to the abolition of slavery. The Constitution has been constantly updated over time. It has not laid stagnant with the time. The Constitution has remained the document off of which we have based our country for many years. A major question that has been posed is, why do we as a country still feel bound to this document written so many years ago? The reasons are fairly simple. The Constitution of the United States can and has been over many years amended, the laws and thoughts of a people can be expressed through the Constitution, and the constitution has functioned, with a few bumps in the road, fairly well over the last two-hundred years. The people of the United States should still stand behind this Constitution because it infact still serves us well today in many ways. A few being that it can be amended and â€Å"Fixed†, and another being that it does still protect our rights as citizens. The ability of The Constitution to be amended is what still allows it to be relevant today. The updates that are made reflect the attitude of the nation. An example of this being theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution: a Democratic Document?954 Words   |  4 PagesUpon the opening words of the Constitution, We the PeopleÂ…do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America, one must ask, who are these people? While the American Constitution provided its citizens with individual rights, many members were excluded. Elite framers manipulated the idea of a constitution in order to protect their economic interests and the interests of their fellow ‘white land and slave owning men by restricting the voices of women, slaves, indentured servantsRead MoreEssay about The Constitution as A Democratic Document938 Words   |  4 PagesUpon the opening words of the Constitution, We the PeopleÂ…do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America, one must ask, who are these people? While the American Constitution provided its citizens with individual rights, many members were excluded. Elite framers manipulated the idea of a constitution in order to protect their economic interests and the interests of their fellow ‘white land and slave owning men by restricting the voices of women, slaves, indentured servantsRead More1998 Dbq1014 Words   |  5 Pageshaving different perspectives on government and the Constitution. The Democratic Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, were always characterized by following the strict construction of the constitution. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, were characterized by fo llowing the broad construction of the constitution. The presidencies of Jefferson and Madison proved this characterization to be somewhat accurate. Although the Democratic Republicans and the Federalists did support theirRead More Jeffersonian Republicans Vs. Federalists Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagescountry and began to grow and develop into an effective democratic nation, many changes occurred. As the democracy began to grow, two main political parties developed, the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Each party had different views on how the government should be run. The Jeffersonian Republicans believed in strong state governments, a weak central government, and a strict construction of the Constitution. The Federalists opted for a powerful central governmentRead MoreHoltons Interpretation Of The FramersDistrust Of Tyranny?1584 Words   |  7 Pagesin Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution that the Framers’ creation of the Constitution represented a â€Å"slur on the capacity of ordinary citizens† to govern themselves by placing the power of the National Government into the hands of the opulent few (Holton, Unruly Americans, 278). Is Holton’s interpretation of the Framers’ intentions equitable, or has he treated the delegates unfairly in neglecting the democratic elements of the document and the Framers’ distrust of tyranny? SectionRead MoreRethinking the Finality of and Democracy in the American Constitution1716 Words   |  7 PagesIs the United States Constitution a sacred and absolute document? Dahl (2001) argued that the Constitution is not perfect or permanent in his book, How Democratic is the American Constitution. He stresses that his main aim is not to propose that the Constitution must be amended, but to facilitate readers in changing how they think about the Constitution. In order to help people rethink the Constitution, Dahl (2001) explained the limitatio ns of its Framers and the Constitution’s not widely known undemocraticRead MoreThe Nigerian Constitution in 1960 Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nigerian Constitution in 1960 There appears to be a consensus among the rulers of Nigeria that the countrys Constitution needs review. The review is, in fact, going on and there is not much I can do about that. However, if given the balance of power in the country, a review is the only constitutional development possible at this stage, I would then pay attention to the general character and form of the Constitution rather than its specific contents, which à ± with regards to the power and welfareRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 Pages Emily Alexander Pima Community College March 9, 2015 The Constitution of the United States After gaining independence from Britain, America was faced with the challenge of creating a new government for the people of the American colonies. The Founding Fathers first created the Articles of Confederation but after much criticism the Founding Fathers met again and created the Constitution of the United States. The Founding Fathers wanted to form a government that was unlike theRead MoreEssay The Rise of Political Parties533 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties, which were led by Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, respectively. The rise of political parties was facilitated by general distrust amongst politicians. In document 1, Thomas Jefferson claims that Hamilton is in support of a monarchy. This statement reflects Jeffersons distrust for Hamilton, believing that he is trying to regress America back into a pre-revolution monarchy. Hamilton, on the other hand, states in document 2 that James MadisonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Constitution And The Constitution932 Words   |  4 PagesDahl and the Constitution James Madison and the rest of the Founders of the Constitution undeniably founded a government that has withstood the test of time. The question that Robert Dahl poses in How Democratic Is the American Constitution? is whether this form of government and specifically the Constitution is as democratic as it should be and focuses on the Constitution’s shortcomings. Dahl argues that the constitution is much less democratic than it ought to be. Madison, on the other hand, had

Essay on Treason in the Eye of the Beholder - 1184 Words

There is a fine line between treason and revolution, however when the two come up it very likely that the individual that is being of accused of either can go from one or the other in the blink of an eye. During the late 1700’s America was going through some of the most difficult times of its history. The struggle with Britain was becoming harder and those within the colonies were unsure what direction they wanted to take the colonies. Thomas Paine however knew exactly what direction he felt the colonies should go and that was to break away from Britain and become an independent nation from Britain all together. There was a crisis in America with no set rules or regulations to guide those that were living within its borders and Paine†¦show more content†¦He saw chaos and confusion and of course wanted to understand why those that were already pushing back against Britain were not doing more. Paine was already acquainted with many influential leaders of that day w ho would help establish the beginnings of our constitution. Men like Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Charles Peale. However, Paine wanted more than just break away. Paine stated. â€Å"Society was a positive phenomenon, government a negative one: Society is produced by our wants and government by our wickedness†. Paine was aware that the British government was attempting to crush the spirit of the colonies, nevertheless you realized that the colonies needed to form a government of its own to stand on their own in order to break away. Thomas Paine was successful in what he penned down in Common Sense. In one of his statements from his pamphlet, the Revolutionary War is spelled out in black in white and from what we know now it to place one a few months after these pamphlets were printed. Paine stated, â€Å"all subjection to Britain ought to have ceased; and the independence of America should have been considered as dating its era from, and published by, the first musket fired at her†. Paine understood and he wanted the American colonist to understand that they need to fight for their independents against Britain. His words were not ignored, but the colonist and those in leadership declared their independenceShow MoreRelatedEye of the Beholder Twilight Zone Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesfor them. One episode in particular, directed by Douglas Heyes, was notorious for the impact it left on viewers. Airing on November 11th, 1960 and running at 25 minutes and 14 seconds, Eye of the Beholder made a dramatic impact on viewers due to its intensely eerie nature and topsy turvy world. Eye of the Beholder was a science fiction story about a woman, Janet Tyler, or Patient 307 as she is referred to, who underwent 11 injections and failed surgeries to look like a normal member of society.Read More Graham Greenes The Human Factor Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pageslast volume of Clarissa [13]. People are torn apart from one another simply because of a lack of understanding or a difference in each individuals definition of life. The highest hopes, dreams, and aspirations of one person may be trivial in the eyes of another. The way that one would define love, good, and evil could very well be the exact opposite of anothers definition. To one society or culture, a man may seem to be a god because of his beliefs and values; while, to another, that man may appearRead MoreCultural Diversity Research Project :1436 Words   |  6 Pagesrates fall behind those of white and Asian Students. This is mainly due to the disconnection between school and home cultures. Academic achieve ment the African American community is mocked as being white, implying that academic success is racial treason (Sadker, D., Sadker, M. 2008). Not only does cultural barriers effect Hispanic families, but also language barriers. Low test scores and graduation rates are in part due to the failure of society bridging and honoring differences among ethnic andRead MoreEssay Pirates and Emperors by Noam Chomsky2692 Words   |  11 Pagesbehaviour through analysis of actions that would normally be reprehensible to even consider. The aims and conduct of Palestinian groups will be compared briefly with pre – 1948 Jewish groups - guerrilla fighters in the eyes of Jews, terrorists in British eyes. An ironic reversal has placed the guerrilla fighters/ terrorists onto the role of ‘Emperor’, facing the mammoth task of maintaining an order that effectively promotes and gives rise to guerrilla fighters/ terroristsRead More Biblical Figures and Ideals in Shakespeares Richard II Essay4152 Words   |  17 Pagesmaking claims to English lands, his self-image is so strongly engaged in his royal title that in his eyes he himself is the sun of England. So assured is he that he reveals to his followers that: So when this thief, this traitor Bullingbrook, who all this while hath revelld in the night, whilst we were wandring with the antipodes, shall see us rising in our throne, the east, his treasons will sit blushing in his face, not able to endure the sight of day. (III.ii, 47-53) RichardRead MoreTale of Two Cities4458 Words   |  18 Pagesnor an interest in politics and lost himself in an obsession for locksmithing, hobby far below his social station. What is comparable in the wasted Dr. Manette? Book I, Chapter 6: The Shoemaker 1. How do we know that nothing really misses the eyes and ears of Madame Defarge? 2. Why did Dr. Manette give his name as One Hundred and Five, North Tower (p. 44)? 3. Why is Manettes voice pitiable and dreadful? 4. Where apparently does Manette believe himself to be? 5. WhatRead MoreFormal and Dynamic Equivalence and the Principle of Equivalent Effect7564 Words   |  31 Pagestranslator must know both  languages, as well as the  science  that he is to translate; and finding that few translators did, he wanted to do away with translation and translators altogether. Literary translators, such as Gregory Rabassa in If This Be Treason[21] argue convincingly that translation is an art, though he acknowledges that it is teachable. Other translators, mostly professionals working on technical, business, or legal documents, approach their task as a craft, one that can not only be taughtRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesorganization, are there alternatives to surveillance? If so, what are they, and do they have any limitations of their own? Sources: E. Spitznagel, â€Å"The Sick-Day Bounty Hunters,† Businessweek (December 6, 2010), pp. 93–95; D. Levine, â€Å"Oracle Enlists Private Eyes to Find HP CEO,† Reuters (November 9, 2010), http://in.reuters .com/; and K. Gullo, â€Å"HP’s Apotheker, Like Carmen Sandiego, Focus at Trial,† Businessweek (November  10, 2010), www.businessweek.com/. CASE INCIDENT 1 Long Hours, Hundreds of E-Mails

Radisson Blu Methodology Free Essays

string(93) " the expectations of their customers to what they actually receive after visiting the hotel\." The capacity of the hotel is 188 different types of rooms (economy, business class). Also, the toll offers the opportunity for business meetings or special events in the 9 meeting rooms including help of coordinator and personalized menus. These 9 meeting rooms are capable to accommodate up to 220 people. We will write a custom essay sample on Radisson Blu Methodology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel cooperates with three other service enterprises: restaurant Ever Gusto that serves Italian cuisine, Sunshine Piano Bar which offers various selections of cocktails and Casino Labor. The Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel enterprise offers facilities such as 1 2-hour room service, free high-speed wireless internet, sauna and car parking. Nightly rates in Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel are from 876 DECK (1 17 EURO). 2 The purpose of this project is to analyze what problems Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel is encountering and be able to conclude with reliable solutions. In this project we are going to focus on two main topics: service delivery system and customer’s satisfaction as they are inherent from each other. We will use both primary and secondary data. The primary data consists of information from questioners that We asked visitors of Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel to answer. The secondary data will be based on reliable books, customer’s reviews and official weapon of the hotel. Also we will use two theoretical frameworks in order to make our project valid and make an objective conclusion. The first one will be SMS model (service management system model), which consists of five elements: market segment, service concept, service delivery system, image and culture and philosophy. Precise description of five elements of SMS model will help us to characterize the service enterprise of Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel. The second model is The Gap Model. Main purpose of using this model is that it is orientated directly on customer Hotels in Denmark 2014, available from: http://www. Radiation’s. Com/hotels/ mark, accessed on 16 of December RADIATIONS BLUE ELMSFORD, LABOR 2014, available from: http www. Radiation’s. Com/hotel-labor accessed on 1 7 of December 3 satisfaction. We will take a closer look on all the possible areas where problem could be at by analyzing each area with five gaps. Finally, we conducted anonymous survey among hotel clients as we tried being close in contact With the one decision maker – the guests – providers of reliable information. In our project we decided to balance the value of primary and secondary outcome data to prove we took in consideration every possible aspect of customer satisfaction. Therefore we decided to take in consideration customer ‘ s reviews on page www†. Trapdoors. Com considering this page as a reliable source. Applying critical thinking by evaluating customer satisfaction was essential for us. The reason why our project is going to be based mostly on secondary data is the flexibility of it. All data that is going to be used in our project will be specified at the end of it. We chose to write our project about Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel in Labor because we found this topic interesting. We want to find out how it is possible that four-star grand chain hotel can have so many complaints. And also, we think that this issue is relevantly serious because it is important that customers expectations would be similar to what hotel can actually provide. 2. Delimitation As a part of our delimitation we delimiter ourselves from doing qualitative research with the management of the hotel as We did not get the opportunity to talk to the manager of the Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel, as the topic of our project is mostly about customers complains, we understand that the manager was not interested and did not give us an opportunity to interview him. We delimiter ourselves from budgeting how much the renovation and Seibel changes would cost Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel. It is not possible for us to calculate possible budget in this stage as we are not in direct contact with the management of the hotel. Other fact is the prices for materials and labors are also unknown for us. 3. Problem area We were interested to find out what is the reputation and how does Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel deal with the customers. According to the reviews that we managed to find on the weapon www. Trapdoors. Com the hotel had 1 80 reviews and in only 50 visitors rated the hotel as â€Å"Excellent† (1 1 travelers) Very good† (40 travelers). This gives us information that only 4 28. 33% of actual customers that rated the hotel were satisfied with the provided service. The most of visitors rated hotel as â€Å"Average† (76 travelers) which is 42. 2% and the part that made us focus on service delivery system and customer satisfaction in this hotel was the number of people that rated hotel as â€Å"Poor’ (39 travelers) or â€Å"Terrible† (14 travelers) which also gives approximately 29,44% of unsatisfied customers. Despite the fact that it is a famous chain hotel, which is represented as a luxurious hotel, it has a lot Of complaints. The most common complaint is that the Radiations Blue Limned Hotel is old and due to that customers are experiencing sleeping pattern disorders because of noises. The hotel from outside looks renewed, but inside it needs capital renovation. For example, as Hotel is next to the famous street Comfort Anne Gad with all bars and clubs of Labor city, guests can hear everything through old, non-sound proof windows. Another complaint would be related to service delivery system. Customers are complaining about the staff and its attitude to hotel’s guests. They are complaining that employees are rude, impolite and that they do not perform heir job. And other very common complaint was the price. Most of the customers that rated Radiations on BMW. Trapdoors. Com said that the price does not match with the service that hotel actually provides. Our goal is to find the solution how Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel could improve their service delivery system and manage to match the expectations of their customers to what they actually receive after visiting the hotel. You read "Radisson Blu Methodology" in category "Papers" 4. Research questions In Order to keep our project well coherent, we will develop three research questions, on which will be based our whole report and which we will answer later. 1. What are guest complaining in Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel in Labor? 2. Why are customers of the Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel in Labor complaining? 3. How should the service delivery system be improved in Radiations Blue Limited Hotel in Labor in order to reduce guest complaints? Radiations Blue Limited Hotel, Labor 2014, available from: http:// www. Trapdoors. Co. UK/Hotel_Review-g189529d206747-Reviews- accessed on 18 of December 5 5. Methodology As already mentioned before, in this project the main focus will be on service delivery system and customers satisfaction. Our main goal is to represent the Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel in Labor by using primary and secondary data and two theoretical frameworks. Furthermore, based on our gathered information we are going to analyze what exactly customers are complaining about. And finally we will try to make a solution of which the hotel could benefit. We will concentrate on service delivery system and how it should be improved. Theoretical Frameworks In this project we are going to use two theoretical frameworks. The first one is Service Management Model (SMS model), which will help us to represent precisely the Radiations Blue Elmsford Hotel in Labor and also present what toll has to offer to their potential customers. The second one is GAP model – Diagnosing Failure Gaps in Service Quality. By using Knowledge Gap, Standards Gap, Delivery Gap, Communications Gap we will be able to diagnose where is the main problem and it will help us to conclude with reasonable solution. 4 5. 1 SMS Model The SMS model (service management system model) has the character of a system consisting of components and emphasizing the relations among them. 5 Thus now we are going to use SMS model, which consists from five elements: service concept, service delivery system, market segment, image ND culture and philosophy. Precise description of five elements of SMS model will help us to characterize the service enterprise of Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel. The market segment Radiations Blue Limited hotel does not have a precise market segment. However, according to www. Trapdoors. Com, 96 customers was visiting hotel for business purpose, which is 53% of all 180 reviews. Besides, in the official website of the hotel it is emphasized that there are available rooms for business conferences. So, we can make a conclusion, that the common guests in hotel are business travelers. Nevertheless, families, couples and people who travels alone, also chose Radiations Blue Limned hotel. 4 4th edition Services Marketing -? page 327-328 , Diagnosing Failure Gaps in Service Quality 2nd edition Service management: Strategy and leadership in service business – page 58-60, SERVICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6 The location of the hotel is very convenient as it is located in the city center, where customers can use public transport. Besides, Labor train station is 750 meters away and Labor airport is 6 kilometers away, which says that market segment focuses not only on local visitors, but on foreign as well. Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel is a part of Radiations Hotel Group, which makes the enterprise of hotel to be the part of international group. 6 Speaking about customers visiting enterprise, they are expecting what hotel says it can provide. However, Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel does not meet customer’s expectations and that is way hotel has complaints. The service concept The service concept often consists of a complex set of values, where some products are more important and may be called core services, while others are peripheral. Also there are both tangible and intangible services, which is he reason why often it is difficult to specify them in concrete form. The service enterprise Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel sells the rent of the rooms, food and drinks at the restaurant ‘Ever Gusto†, play of the games (e. G. Blackjack, poker) at the â€Å"Casino Labor† and other hotel facilities, such as wireless internet, room service or sauna. All of these services are intangible, except food and drinks at the restaurant. The core product in Radiations Blue Limned hotel is the rent of the rooms. This is the most common service that customers of the hotel buy. Meanwhile customer’s interaction with other customers can be seen waiting in the line in reception, playing games in casino and eating at the restaurant. In conclusion, customer’s copulation operates through complaints, reviews, recommendations and interaction with other customers. The service delivery System Service delivery system depends from three subcomponents: personnel, client and technology and physical support. Service organizations are personality-intensive, which means they are focusing on developing human resources. Client plays and complex role in the service 7 5th edition Marketing for hospitality and tourism – page 231, What Is A Product? 8 organization, since he not only receives and consumes the service but also serves as a component in Its production and delivery. Thus, in a service business, clients must be selected and managed as carefully as employees. Finally, services almost always involve social interactions and physical tools are critical to the functioning of such interactive systems. It is difficult to describe this part due to it is the biggest problem in Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel. In this part we will describe how hotel is represented in the official website of the hotel. Physical evidence and technology plays a big role as it is grand chain hotel. Exterior of the hotel is good-looking, but interior needs renovation. However, hotel from the inside on the official website looks attractive as well. Customers claims (www. Trapdoors. Com), that in certain rooms smell is not pleasant and because of the street Comfort Anne Gad it is noisy during the nights. On the website it is emphasized, that rooms are modern. Also it states that room services are available 12 hours per day. Service delivery system does not meet needs and expectations expressed by the customers. Customers interact with service delivery system while ordering the room, buying food and drinks, during check in and check out and during room services. However, guests are complaining about employees. It means that personnel have a lack of knowledge how to deliver sciences, when there should work well-trained employees. The image The image mainly depends on what company actually provides and who the customers actually are. Although, deviating from current reality, image can be used as toll for the creation of a new reality. Radiations Hotel Group has a good reputation worldwide, however it’s part Radiations Blue Limited does not have a positive opinion from the customers ho has visited this hotel. Considering all information on official website, we think that this hotel is presented as luxurious grand chain hotel and this image is attempted to be establish in the market. Logo of this hotel says â€Å"Radiations Blue, Hotels resorts†. â€Å"Radiations† is the name of the founder of this group. â€Å"Hotels resorts† is the name of one of the brands that Radiations group owns. And â€Å"Elmsford† is the name of the fjord that is next to the hotel. The weapon Of Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel is well-design, it is easy to use. There is provided all information about hotel (e. G. Rooms, services, history ND price), where guests can search for 8 Radiations History 2014, available from: http://www. W. Radiations. Com/section/ about. Story/about. Sidemen, accessed on 1 2 of December 9 other Radiations Blue hotels as well. The service enterprise wants their customers to recognize them. And it is already achieved – Radiations Blue operates more than 230 hotels in the whole world and it is worldwide known group. The culture and philosophy The efficiency of the service organization depends on its culture and philosophy, which shape and rejuvenate the very values and ethos on which the company thrives. The main value for Radiations Blue Elmsford hotel is customer satisfaction. As already mentioned in our project, Radiations Blue Limned Hotel is a part of Resized Hotel group, which is working with â€Å"Yes Can! † special customer satisfaction pogrom since 1995. It is a core service philosophy, reflecting and powering commitment to always offer alternatives taking in to consideration guests, supplies, personnel and community. This programmer is applied to all Resized groups and it is a tradition of innovative and contemporary service concepts, based on customer needs. 9 5. 2 GAP model In order to explain the GAP model itself, it is easier to start with defining and explaining the basic knowledge needed to successfully understand the model. The main purpose of GAP model is to define the service quality that is provided by certain company or organization towards their customers or clients. Logically we should start with explain what the quality and service quality is. There are many definitions of what service quality is, so in this case we decided to not stick with only one but many other theories of different researchers and scientists as we think it suits for our project the most. Many scientists and researchers are trying to develop certain definition of service quality and service perspective. Gar ¶morons presented his research about service quality which focuses on a model that is a comparison between customer expectations of the service and their experience of the service they have received before. This model is named â€Å"total perceived service quality’. He puts the main focus on what customer is really looking for and what they evaluate, the service quality is 9 OUR CULTURE 201 3, available from: http://move. Resized. Com/ accessed on 1 7 of December 10 based on two dimensions. The first dimension is the technical quality and this dimension refers to the outcome, what is delivered or what the customer test from the service. The next dimension is the functional quality which refers to the manner in which the service is delivered or how it is delivered. Both dimensions affect the corporate image and the perception of quality in various ways. How to cite Radisson Blu Methodology, Papers

Coaching And Mentoring

Questions: 1. An evaluation of different models of coaching and mentoring and their potential for use within a talent development programme. 2. Assess the skills and competencies required for effective coaching and mentoring with respect to those involved, including individual employees, line managers and other coaches. 3. Evaluate the models and methods used to support coaching and mentoring and justify an appropriate design for your talent development programme. Answers: 1. Different models of coaching and mentoring There are different models of coaching and mentoring that emphasize different areas and it depends on the working style of trainer, trainee and context of training to adopt one accordingly. Different models that are used for coaching and mentoring are: GROW Model: This model derives its major foundations from psychology pertaining to business and sports. Some of the approaches are derived from general management principles. Model adopts an ongoing approach where coach works towards continuous improvement of the individual (Harris, 2013). It is one most followed and adopted method of coaching and mentoring. This is being used as the base for various other models of development. G in GOAL stands for goal, R for reality, O for options and W for will. John Whitmore has created this model when he was a sports coach and was later adopted by the business domain seeing the potential. Every coaching session must have a specific goal. The objective should be clear in minds of both trainer and trainee. The success or attainment of goal should be quantifiable (Stokes, 2014). Then comes the reality realm. We need to grasp where we stand before we could plan to reach where we desire. Next we need to account for all the options that exists in ord er to attain the goal. And finally in order to sustain the journey from start to finish we should have motivation and enthusiasm. STEER Model: S in STEER stands for Spot, T for Tailor, E for Explain, E for Encourage and R for Review. The orientation in this model is also towards task just like in the previous model and is originated out of the sports world too (Pokoro, 2012). But it is different from the GOAL model by the fact that in this model trainer demonstrates before trainee in order to coach. OSKAR Model: This model differs from other models as it takes problem as stepping-stone and instead focusses on solution (Passmore, 2012). O in OSKAR stands for Outcome; S stands for Scaling, K for Know-How and resources, A for Affirm and R for Review. This is a solution-focused approach of coaching and mentoring. This first identifies what method is working and builds upon it, discarding what doesnt work (Fletcher, 2012). In this model existing skills and capabilities are being leveraged to achieve what the mentor and mentee are setting. Positive Coaching Model: This model touches the psychological being of the individual or corporate that needs to be coached. P in Positive stands for Purpose and similarly others stands for Observations, Strategy, and Insight, Team, and Initiate, Value and Encourage. Support socially and positive reinforcement is being incorporated in this model (Megginson, 2013). Transformational Coaching: The techniques being employed in this model address the self-image and perception of the participants. This is a task-based approach of coaching and mentoring (Grine, 2014). It helps to figure changes in the coaching techniques as it addresses self and relationships. 2. Required Skills and Competencies It is not easy being a coach or mentor as these are very crucial roles to take in any organization (Greif, 2013). So before any investments are made in programs including coaching and mentoring utmost care is taken in terms of techniques, standards and coaches. High expectations are placed upon coaches and mentors. These people should have necessary professional and personal quality to be effective in their work. Usually these coaches and mentors form part of the management in a company or organization. Therefore they must possess leadership qualities as well. The employees and other people are looking them upon as role models involved in the process. The first primary skill is rapport building that every personnel in this area should possess (Bachkirova, 2015). People having good interpersonal skills and who are people oriented find it easy to build rapport. It is very essential to build a connection between the trainer and trainee that is why rapport building is necessary (Chagnon, 2015). It helps to develop good level of understanding between all the stakeholders. It will be easier for rapport building exercise if there is friendly and comfortable atmosphere during the process. In such environment participants will not hesitate to carry out the activities and follow the basic drills. The second quality is listening. To be a good and active listener is very critical for a coach in order to be effective. They should be able to pick out both verbal and nonverbal cues to deeply understand the requirement and personality of the participant. The approach should be two way in which both trainer and trainee take turns to speak and bring out the best out of the session. Good listening skills could be demonstrated by not interrupting when being spoken to. Paraphrasing is a good technique that can be leveraged to properly understand the context (Boyatzis, 2013). The third quality is the ability to ask good questions. Every coach should develop a quality to ask effective and intelligent questions. Sometimes it becomes hard to bring something out of a participant without being questioned in a proper manner. Open ended questions is good way to make participant elaborate more and open out. In order to show interest and empathy towards person follow up questions should also be integrated in the training sessions. Other very important skill is effective communication (Rhodes, 2013). As the process included elongated discussions and conversations between both the parties, coach should be able to effectively communicate the message across the table. This also becomes critical during the feedback giving process so as to not demean the self-esteem of trainee. Apart from these primary skills, coaches and mentors should also possess secondary qualities and abilities like to build respect and trust, develop good level of understanding, motivate, inspire, guide goal setting process, stimulate action and help in attainment of goal, teach self-knowledge and awareness. Standards are being set according to the associations like International Coach Federation (ICF) which set competencies like ethical practices, agreement, increasing level of awareness among participants and track trainees progress. 3. Evaluation of methods There are different evaluation models and methods for coaching and mentoring and can be utilized to structure a training program. In this manner we can tailor the coaching style to best suit the requirement (Hargreaves, 2012). Process that is being followed to design a coaching and mentoring program is carried out in different steps. First training needs are assessed and agreed upon. Analysis is being done to figure out training needs. Another very popular method to assess training and prioritizing it is called DIF Analysis. It stands for Difficulty, Importance and Frequency. It is rather a complex method that includes assessing and then prioritizing training needs followed by planning on different parameters vis--vis Difficulty, Importance and Frequency. It is a task oriented system where emphasis is given to skills, competencies etc. instead of looking from individuals perspective. At a basic level if an activity measures low on all the three different parameters then it is low pri ority activity and on the other hand if an activity measures high on all three parameters then it is high priority activity. This step is generally taken during the appraisal process. All the stakeholders are consulted before agreeing and identifying training process so that goals are attained as per planned. Before any training process is finalized organizational values are considered and all aspects of ethics and integrity are properly considered. Apart from ethics and integrity factors such as spirituality, compassion and love are also being considered before anything is set upon. Hierarchy should be maintained while organizing coaching and mentoring sessions so that those people who are not right for such sessions dont get trained unnecessarily which exhaust both time and resources. Keeping an eye on people leaving an organization could help to design an effective coaching and mentoring program. In the next step specification for training and development are specified (Newman, 2013). The requirement is broken down into manageable insights so as not to miss finer details. Each such segment is labeled with a specific measure or standard or parameter or combination of these so that each segment could be identified separately. Some tools that can be used for such dissection are templates and 360-degree process (Hansman, 2013). Coaching needs and skills sets could be revisited to organize elements and have a proper direction in which we need to proceed. In other step personality of trainee should be analyzed and different learning styles are considered. Conclusion With the above discussion it can be said that the learning styles guide the coaching that would be most effective to bring out the results. Model used to study personality traits and designing coaching programs is Erikson Model. Also Johari Window model could be used to help design (Avery, 2014). Considering team and group Adairs Theory and Tuckman model could be used (Tee Ng, 2012). Next training effectiveness is evaluated which includes before training and after coaching measures. In order to structure training design Kirkpatrick model could be used. In order to understand the development Blooms theory could be implemented (Denmark, 2013). Exercises and activities including team should be integrated in the process. 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